Sulfur Tracking Program


Year

2025

Grant Level

Seed Grant


The Sulfur program will focus on creating new technologies for monitoring, modeling and modifying the effects of tropospheric sulfur emissions. Sulfur is the second most impactful climate-altering gas after CO2, despite lasting only ~2 weeks in the atmosphere. The 2020 IMO shipping fuel regulation led to an estimated 0.2 W/m² increase in forcing, contributing to 80% of the global heat uptake increase from 2020 to today. Unmasking sulfur pollution (due to decarbonization and air quality improvements) is expected to significantly exacerbate extreme heat for over 1 billion people, with especially profound impacts in the Indian subcontinent. Since 1970, Western Europe and the Eastern US have already experienced an estimated .4C of this unmasking as sulfur was phased down. It is essential that we increase monitoring and modeling of sulfur, to help us forecast and plan for this unmasked warming.


Program Personnel

Colleen Golja

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Dr. Golja received her PhD from Harvard University, where her dissertation work focused on aerosol microphysics related to stratospheric aerosol injection strategies, supervised by Professor David Keith. She subsequently led a multi-institution consortium across Imperial College London, the University of Leeds, the University of Exeter, and the University of Bristol on a UKRI-funded project advancing holistic risk assessment of stratospheric aerosol injection. Her work spans both the process-level science of aerosol behavior and the governance implications of solar radiation management, making her uniquely positioned to lead a program at the intersection of both.

Carla Roesch

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Dr. Roesch completed her PhD at the University of Edinburgh in 2024 under the supervision of Professor Gabi Hegerl, where she developed detection and attribution methods to separate the climate signal of aerosol forcing from that of greenhouse gases, precisely the scientific problem STP is designed to resolve at observational scale. She subsequently joined the Gentine Lab at Columbia University as a postdoctoral researcher focusing on causal machine learning for climate applications. She continues to collaborate with academic and industry partners on the development of machine learning methods for climate and weather prediction, modelling and risk analysis. 

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ARC’s Seed grants will provide early-stage funding to catalyze promising ideas addressing catastrophic climate risks.

ARC Seed grants support promising ideas with exploratory efforts, scoping studies, concept development, early-stage research, and small pilot projects, to help develop and refine innovative concepts or unblock initial barriers.

Timeline: ARC Seed grants are provided for 3-6 month engagements.

Grant Amount: ARC’s Seed grants generally provide $30–100K in funding as well as deep engagement on project design and strategy.

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ARC’s Build grants will enable leaders to turn promising concepts into actionable programs.

ARC Build grants support the development of independent organizations or partnerships with existing entities, focusing on activities such as program planning, roadmapping, early implementation, and organizational development.

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ARC’s Scale grants will empower our partner organizations to achieve significant impact by advancing key program objectives.

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In addition to resources, we offer technical expertise, strategic guidance for organizational growth and research, and hands-on support in fundraising and partnership development. By working closely with our partners, we ensure that promising initiatives are well-positioned to succeed and grow.

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